A Chess board has 64 squares, 32 black and 32 white.
At the start of a Chess match exactly half of the boards squares are occupied. Each player begins with 16 pieces. Eight specialist and eight pawns.
The Jam song 'A Town Called Malice' was written about Paul Weller's hometown of Woking, England.
Because of the huge US TV audience, Basketball will have the latest finishing time of any sport at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Chess, in it's current form, originated in Europe in the mid to late 15th Century.
Casual games of Chess generally last between 10 and 90 minutes. Tournament games can last much longer, beyond six or seven hours.
Chess is no longer merely a sport between two humans and chess-playing machines computers have been around for many years. The computer programs abilities and insights have since contributed significantly to chess theory. Deep Blue, one such computer, actually beat a reigning World Chess Champion, when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997.
Chess' first World Champion was Wilhelm Steinitz who claimed his title way back in 1886.
The reigning World Chess Champion is Indian Viswanathan Anand.
Chess is one of the only games which can be played by post. Competitors send their moves to each other, who each move the appropriate piece on their board, before sending the counter move back. In such ways games can last months or even years.
Games of Chess always begin with the white piece moving first.
Each chess piece, other than the individual pawns, have their own specific movements and degrees of movement.
Lutein is a carotenoid, a natural pigment found in fruits, vegetables, marigolds and other plants, with potent antioxidant qualities. Lutein is one of the most powerful carotenoids for contributing to clear, healthy vision.
Lutein plays a role in promoting and maintaining eye health. It is the principal carotenoid found in the central area of the retina called the macula.
Lutein is naturally found in healthy eyes, and since it is not made in the body, it must be obtained from dietary sources.
Lutein is considered a dietary xanthophyll that helps promote the health of photoreceptors in the eye to support visual health.
Lutein plays a role in the maintenance of eye health and is the principal carotenoid found in the central area of the retina called the macula.
Fruits and vegetables are so good for us largely due to their natural phytochemicals, beneficial plant compounds that feature antioxidant and health promoting properties. These compounds are generally more prevalent in vegetables with deep, bold colors.
Lutein's antioxidant activity may help fight against free radicals in the retina, where lutein is naturally highly concentrated. Lutein may also have the ability to filter the short wavelength visible light that can cause radiation damage to the skin and the eye's tissues.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are essential nutrients, meaning we can only obtain them by consuming foods and supplements. They are both important for eye health. Good sources include: kale, spinach, collard greens, turnip greens, mustard greens, summer squash, green peas, pumpkin, Brussels sprouts, corn, broccoli, and carrots
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only 33% of adults meet the recommendation for fruits consumption, while only 27% get enough vegetables.
Marigold's bold color directly ties into its health promoting power: its yellow orange petals provide an excellent source of lutein. The petals are dried and used as the basis for a potent purified lutein extract form, designed for easy absorption in the body.
Vision occurs when photons (light particles) are detected by the lens of the eye and are focused onto the photoreceptive cells of the retina. A layered membrane that lines the inside of the eye, the retina takes in visual information and generates neural impulses, which are sent via the optic nerve to be processed in the brain. Essential to this process is the macula, a tiny yellow spot near the back of the eye that is responsible for central vision. Without the macula and its center, the fovea, sharp direct sight would not be possible.
Lutein stems from the word "luteum," which is Latin for yellow. The macula is often referred to as the macula lutea or "yellow spot" in Latin, a name that highlight's lutein's close bind with the small, but integral part of the eye. Lutein and zeaxanthin give the macula its yellow color.
Lutein is selectively accumulated by the retina of the eye, where it helps to nutritionally support clear and healthy vision.
Free radicals are damaging, unstable molecules that are unavoidable byproducts of natural processes such as exercising and breathing. Unfortunately, our world can overload our bodies with free radicals from many sources including: environmental toxins, pesticides, ultraviolet light, household cleaners, emotional stress, tobacco smoke, alcohol, and inflammation. Antioxidants are believed to help neutralize free radical damage.
The National Eye Institute launched the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) to investigate how antioxidants might help with radical induced eye problems. AREDS tracked over 4,7000 participants, aged 55-80, for an average of six years. Researchers fond that in participants with intermediate and higher risk of developing age-related macular problems, a high dose combination of the antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, along with minerals zinc and copper, appeared to reduce their risk of vision loss by 25%. The study also found that higher dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin was associated with reduced risk of age-related eye health problems.
More than 3.4 million (3%) Americans aged 40 years and older are either legally blind or visually impaired.
Approximately 17% of Americans aged 65 and older report "vision trouble." Nearly 21 million Americans report functional vision problems or eye conditions that may comprise vision.
With the baby boomer population turning 60 an living longer than ever before, age related vision difficulties stand to affect a growing percentage of the population for an even greater amount of their lifetimes.
Age related macular problems are responsible for most visual impairment and blindness in Americans aged 65 and up. As we age, the macula tends to deteriorate. In some cases, this all-important component of the eye breaks down so slowly that changes are barely noticeable or require only corrective reading glasses. In other cases, however, central vision problems can occur suddenly and with severity. If macular problems manifest, central vision can eventually become blurry or even fully obscured.
It is vital to monitor macular health and overall eye health by regularly visiting your eye doctor. When assessing the potential for age related vision problems, eye doctors often employ a simple image known as an Amsler grid. To take the Amsler grid test, a patient will look at a chart and focus on a dot in the middle. The lines of the grid should appear straight. If they seem to be broken or warped, it may be an indication of vision problems.
In its 2006 National Eye Health Education Program Literature Review, the National Eye Institute cited evidence that suggests nutritional supplements lutein and zeaxanthin have been shown to improve visual function in patients with age related macular problems. There are no known forms of treatment for reversing the effects of age related eye problems, so promoting and maintaining eye health, or slowing the progression of existing eye health issues, may be the best strategy for a bright, clear vision future. Lifestyle changes and targeted nutrition, including cartenoid antioxidants, can help contribute to a proactive eye health maintenance program.
A 2005 study published in the Journal of Vision found the participants with higher MPOD (macular pigment optical density) showed greater hyperactivity than those with lower MPOD, reinforcing association between lutein and zeaxanhtin (nutritional supplements that promote eye health). Research also suggests that lutein seems to know exactly where to go, setting in the macula where it can promote MPOD levels and best support vision.
Blue light is on the high end of the visible light spectrum scale and blue light frequency can harm vision. Also, the sun's harmful radiation can have an effect on vision. This radiation, which is not part of the visible spectrum, predominately exists as two forms of ultraviolet light: UVA and UVB. UVA rays have a longer wavelength (320-400 nanometers, very close to blue light) and can penetrate deeper into the body, while UVB rays have a shorter wavelength (290-320 nanometers) and generally affect superficial areas.
UVA and UVB rays can damage the eyes' surface as well as penetrating deeper to damage the retina. Sunglasses can be effective against UV rays, but not all sunglasses offer full protection from both ultraviolet and blue-light rays.
Like a camera lens, the lens of the human eye is in charge of bringing images being viewed into focus for the retina, making it an indispensable component of sight. Lens clouding is a relatively common problem that some people experience with age: exposure to ultraviolet rays and radiation are associated with this condition.
Regardless of age or daily routine, the eyes work hard, constantly taking in images of various depths, colors and complexities. As long as eyes are open, they are busy doing their job at an amazing rate of function.
In its "Improve Your Game" online section, the United States Tennis Association gave the thumbs-up to lutein as a supplement, calling it the "new nutrient for the eye."
The skin is the largest organ of the body and is the vessel that contains and protects us. It also represents us both externally and internally, since healthy skin is often considered an outer indicator of well-being, as well as a reflection of inner vitality.
Limited sun exposure allows the body to generate beneficial vitamin D. However, prolonged time in direct sunlight can have extremely detrimental effects on the skin. People with lighter skin aren't just more prone to sunburn than other skin types, due to less melanin in the epidermis, they are also more likely to develop severe long-term skin damage at the cellular level without appropriate UV protection.
When you get sunburned, you can see the radiation damage in the form of a painful red irritation that can last for days. A 1998 study by the University of California's Berkeley Department of Molecular and Cell Biology found that radiation from ultraviolet light unleashed free radicals, in turn reducing cellular antioxidants and leading to oxidative skin damage.
A 2004 study conducted at the Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, found that a diet low in carotenoids may be a significant contributing factor in developing coronary problems.
A 2009 study conducted at the University of Minnesota's School of Public Health found that people with greater concentrations of carotenoids in their blood serum appeared to show a lower risk for future high blood pressure.
While lutein is present in the eyes, skin, blood and brain of all people, in women it is found in the breasts and cervix. Since lutein is deposited differently into the female body, researchers have investigated how the carotenoid might hold specific health benefits for women. Studies at John Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health have linked carotenoid intake to breast health.
Recent research indicates that lutein is available to newborns, supplied by their mothers' breast milk in ample amounts. A 2009 study found that breast milk has four times the amount of lutein than baby formula.
Age related eye problems are widespread in the U.S. And, many who contend with eye problems are prone to mood problems. These mood issues can lead to even greater troubles. A 2009 study published in Rehabilitation Psychology found that mood problems associated with vision loss led to a future decline in overall health.
Professional eye exams are essential to proper vision care, not only in terms of achieving optimal sight, but also in assessing and avoiding future eye problems.
Protective eyewear is extremely important when a specific activity calls for it. Wearing safety glasses or sports goggles is an excellent way to prevent otherwise avoidable vision damage.
Wearing a wide brimmed hat can cut the amount of damaging UV light that reach the eyes, particularly UVB, nearly in half.
Smoking is not only harmful to the body's vital organs, it is also bad for the eyes. Smoking causes free radials to run amok in the entire body. Quitting smoking will get rid of a considerable threat to vision damage and greatly benefit overall health.
Conditions related to being overweight can lead to vision problems. By maintaining healthy weight, a person can also benefit their eyes.
Resting eyes, particularly while working for extended periods of time on the computer or focusing on detailed tasks, can cut down on visual fatigue. Just spending 20 seconds giving your eyes a break, by looking away from your work, can be helpful.
Regular exercise has been shown to slow the progression of age-related macular problems by 25%.
Keep an eye on the UV index. The higher the index value, the greater the chance of harm to the skin and eyes in a shorter amount of sun exposure.
Whenever possible, limit sun exposure in late morning and early to mid-afternoon (roughly 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.). During these times of day, UV rays are the most powerful.
Wearing a hat with a reasonably wide brim offers excellent protection from the sun. It will not only cover the top of your head, it will also provide coverage for the face, ears, eyes and the back of the neck (a most susceptible spot).
Sunglasses are not just for the eyes. They also protect the sensitive skin around the eyes, making them important for facial skin care.
Tanning beds emit UV light and can easily damage the skin. In July 2009, the World Health Organization formally labeled tanning beds "carcinogenic to humans."
Smoking damages the skin. In addition to deepening wrinkles, smoking speeds up the aging process of the skin by narrowing blood vessels in the epidermis and unleashing free radicals throughout the body.
It is best to use moisturizers that do not have heavy dyes or perfumes. Use a moisturizer that is well suited for your skin type to help keep water where it can help, in the skin.
Before buying a car, visit several dealers and take a few test drives before committing to anything. Consider car shopping at the end of the month. According to Edmunds.com, dealers who are a few cars short of a monthly quota may be willing to make a deal.
To build a healthy credit history pay your bills on time; pay down your debt; reconsider closing accounts (the longer your responsible borrowing history, the better your score); think twice about opening accounts (applying for a lot of credit at once can harm your credit score; and fix errors. You can order a free credit report from all three major credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion) once a year at www.annualcreditreport.com.
Overdrafts can happen to anyone. An overdraft occurs when you do not have enough money in your account to cover a transaction, resulting in insufficient funds.
Brain freeze happens when you eat something that is very cold too quickly. What happens is when the cold touches the roof of your mouth it can trigger a cold headache causing dilation of the blood vessels in your head. When they dilate, it causes pain behind the eyes or even up into the forehead. Ice cream is not the only food that causes "brain freeze." Anything that is very cold can be a culprit. The "brain freeze" normally only lasts 30-60 seconds.
Badly damaged money must be sent to the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing by "registered mail, return receipt requested."
Kids can earn extra money by doing yard work, gardening, washing cars, walking dogs, and house cleaning. Word of mouth is one of the best ways for kids to find extra work.
Fruits and vegetables are the best sources of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients. To get the most out of healthful fruits and vegetables choose foods from a spectrum of colors: white, red, orange, yellow, green and purple. Each offers different health benefits and should be the focal point of every meal. Health experts and dieticians recommend filling half of your plate with colorful produce and let the "beige foods" become the side dishes.
According to a September 2010 Health survey, when asked what they think when they see a celebrity share their weight-loss success, 86% of women said, whatever, they probably had a private chef and personal trainer; 10% said, if they can do it so can I; and 4% said, oh great, one more person thinner than me.
When a person laughs so hard that their abs hurt, the person may actually be getting gut-busting health benefits. According to doctors at the School of Allied Health Professionals at Loma Linda University, laughing reduces stress hormones and cholesterol, releases feel-good hormones, and amps up the immune system. A person can reap the benefits by just watching 20 minutes of a funny video.
Dishing out dinner portions at the stove, instead of serving yourself right at the table, can help you eat 20% fewer calories, according to researchers from Cornell University. When food is out of sight, you are not automatically tempted to refill your plate.
If a person has fall allergies, it may be possible to minimize symptoms by skipping certain foods and drinks, according to doctors at the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. The body interprets chemicals in these foods the way it would allergens like pollen, which leads to itchiness, tingling in the mouth and throat, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. If a person is allergic to ragweed they should avoid: bananas, cantaloupes, chamomile tea, echinacea, honeydews, watermelon, and zucchini.
A person with fall allergies may be able to reduce some symptoms by avoiding certain foods. A person allergic to tree pollen should avoid: almonds, apples, carrots, cherries, hazelnuts, peaches, pears and plums. A person allergic to grass should avoid: melons, oranges and tomatoes. Also, any individual who experiences seasonal allergies should shun beer, liquor and wine, which all contain histamine, a compound that triggers allergy symptoms like itching and swelling.
Beauty experts say women should apply mascara first when applying make-up to give eyes a wide-awake look brightening the entire face, so that a face needs less concealer, blush, shadow, or added color.
Several large scale multi-year studies, including a 13 country study published in 2010, did not establish any increased health danger as a result of typical cell phone use. The major worry is that the electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones can damage cells, especially in the brain. For this to happen, however, the waves would have to be a very specific intensity and duration, and it is virtual;ly impossible for those parameters to be met. Millions of people have used cell phones every day for many years, and medical experts say that if they were definitely harmful, we would have already seen higher brain cancer rates worldwide, which we have not.
San Francisco adopted a law in 2010, that requires retailers to list the radiation levels emitted by the cell phones they sell.
The trendy and newest hair color in 2010 was purple, sparked by singers Lady Gaga and Katy Perry, and celebrity Kelly Osbourne.
The CelluliteDX Genetic Test helps doctors predict whether a person will develop cellulite. Doctors and beauty experts say to save the $250 fee, and that cellulite happens to everyone eventually, even supermodels.
New in 2010, in the ultra-punishing exercise routines, was the "Convict Conditioning Program," designed to replicate hard core prison workouts. The programs' creator, a former San Quentin State Prison inmate, said it is "primitive and brutal."
Women whose diets are rich in olive oil have less skin damage and wrinkling, according to dermatologists.